The teachings of which historical figure aimed to unify ancient China through justice and morality?

The teachings of Confucius aimed to unify ancient China through justice and morality by emphasizing the importance of ethical relationships, social harmony, and proper conduct. His philosophy advocated for the cultivation of virtue and the fulfillment of social roles, suggesting that a well-ordered society relies on individuals acting justly and with integrity. Confucius believed that by promoting virtues such as filial piety, righteousness, and benevolence, people could create a stable and harmonious society, thus effectively unifying the social fabric of China during a time of disunity and conflict.

In contrast, Laozi's teachings focus on Daoism, which emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao (the Way) and often advocates for a more natural, less structured approach to governance. Sun Tzu is best known for his military strategies in "The Art of War," which, while insightful, do not primarily address issues of morality or justice in society. Zhuangzi, another Daoist philosopher, is celebrated for his ideas on relativism and the nature of reality, which diverge from the moral and ethical focus of Confucius's teachings.